Burkinabè cuisine is based on grains and crops well suited to the Sahel, particularly millet, sorghum, maize, rice, beans, groundnuts, and leafy vegetables. These ingredients are often transformed into porridges, grain dishes, fritters, and thick sauces that provide economical but nourishing meals.

Peanuts are an important source of flavour and richness, while okra, tomatoes, onions, and chilli contribute to sauces and stews. Meat and fish are included according to region and availability, but the cuisine's foundation remains the combination of a filling staple with a strongly flavoured accompaniment.